Corporal Punishment The Latin Corpus Meaning Body

Corporal is from the Latin corpus meaning body. Thus, corporal punishment involves physical punishment. In current times, we have usually used the word corporal punishment as it relates to punishment in a school setting often in the form of spankings or paddling a student who is found to have violated some rule. Historically, corporal punishment was used to punish people who were found to have committed various minor crimes. Throughout history there have been many ways devised to inflict pain or other physical harm, including death, on someone who was convicted of or believed to have committed anything from minor crimes to more serious crimes. These punishments include the gallows, stocks, pillories, ducking stools, branks, flogging,†¦show more content†¦The operator then lowered the chair into the water causing the offender to be submerged under the water. The length of time an offender was submerged would depend on the severity of the crime they were accused of. (Alchin) The brank was a cage like device that would enclose the head of the offender. Some branks had protrusions on the inside of the cage that would be put in the wearer’s mouth. This protrusion would cause pain when the wearer tried to speak. The brank was often used as a punishment for gossiping. (Sierra.) Flogging is simply beating someone, usually across the back, with an object. The object could be a stick, strap or other whip. The Whipping Act of 1530 prescribed flogging in England for minor crimes such as stealing or poaching. (Abbott, 2010) Branding is using a hot iron to burn the skin of the offender to cause scarring. Branding was used as a punishment for any number of crimes. Often the brand would be done in the shape of a particular letter that would indicate the crime committed. So a thief might have the letter â€Å"T†, an adulterer the letter â€Å"A†, or blasphemers the letter â€Å"B†. (Seiter, 2014) The gibbet often took the form of a body length cage that an offender was put into. The cage was then hung in public. Sometimes a person was put into the cage alive where they ultimately died due to starvation. Other times the person was killed in another manner and then the body was putShow MoreRelatedWhat is The Problem with the US Correctional Systems1927 Words   |  8 PagesAct of 1851. On February 1872, capital punishment was integrated into the California Penal Code. Explaining the historical development of capital and corporal punishment, including the methods of punishment used over the years and the Latin roots of capita and corpus. There are four primary United States constitutional amendments which safeguard inmates’ rights and how these amendments protect prisoners or inmates. The goals of rehabilitation and punishment, as well as probation and parole, and areasRead MoreCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 PagesCORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATIO N CHIVAS GOCELA DULGUIME, R.C I. INTRODUCTION PENOLOGY - the study of punishment of crime. - a branch of Criminology dealing with prison management, and the deterrence and reformatory treatment of criminals. SOURCES OF THE TERM PENOLOGY: a. Peno was derived from Greek word â€Å"piono† and from the Latin word â€Å"poena†, both terms mean punishment. b. Logy was from the Latin word â€Å"logos†, meaning science. c. Penology distinguish from Penitentiary Science- Penology deals with the various

The Forbidden Game The Chase Chapter 10 Free Essays

string(44) " in time to see his eyes widen â€Å"Here\." In midair she was knocked to the side with stunning force. A brutal blocking tackle. She landed with her face crushed into the sand. We will write a custom essay sample on The Forbidden Game: The Chase Chapter 10 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not in the hole, on the beach. Chaos was going on above her. On top of her. A whole football team scrimmaging there. Thick snarls, gasping breath, then suddenly a yelp. Sand fountained around her. Then it all stopped. Audrey lay still for a moment longer, then rolled over to look. Tom was half sitting, half crouching in the sand, his dark hair wildly mussed, his face scratched. He was breathing in gasps. In his hand was a Swiss Army knife, the blade not shining but dark. The wolf was gone. So was the hole. â€Å"Is it dead?† Audrey panted. She could hear the hysteria in her own voice. â€Å"No. It went into that crater thing. Then the crater disappeared.† â€Å"Oh,† Audrey said. She looked at him, blinked. â€Å"You know, we’ve got to stop meeting like this.† Then she collapsed back on the sand. â€Å"Audrey! Audrey, where are you? Audrey!† Audrey had seldom heard a voice filled with so much terror, but she was drifting in an endorphin cloud of overexertion. She could barely rouse herself to wave a hand without looking. â€Å"We’re here!† Tom shouted. â€Å"Here!† The next moment Jenny was on her knees beside them. â€Å"Oh, God, what happened? Are you all right?† â€Å"The wolf happened,† Tom said. â€Å"She’s all right, it’s just reaction.† â€Å"Are you all right? Oh, Tom, you’re bleeding!† Sounds of hugging. Normally, Audrey would have let them have their reunion in peace, but now she said, â€Å"Eric’s back there. I don’t know if he’s all right.† â€Å"I’ll go see.† Tom detached himself from Jenny’s arms and went. Jenny turned to Audrey, golden dress shining in the gloom. â€Å"What happened?† â€Å"It tried to chase me into a hole. A hole,† she repeated, before Jenny could ask, and described the thing she’d seen. â€Å"I don’t know why, but it wanted me to fall in.† â€Å"Oh, my God,† Jenny whispered. â€Å"Oh, God, Audrey, it’s all my fault. And if Eric is dead-â€Å" â€Å"He’s not dead,† Tom said, coming back up. â€Å"He’s breathing, and I can’t even find any bleeding or anything. The wolf didn’t want him; it wanted Audrey.† It was only then that Jenny asked, â€Å"What are you doing here?† Tom looked at the ocean. â€Å"I didn’t think anything would happen here-but I wasn’t sure. I hung around in the hotel just in case. When I saw Audrey going down to the beach, I kept an eye on her from the deck up there.† â€Å"Oh, Tom,† Jenny said again. â€Å"Thank God you did,† Audrey said, picking herself up. She was bruised, but everything seemed to be in working order. Her brand new Oscar de la Renta, though, was another matter. â€Å"It’s a pity you couldn’t have saved the dress, too.† As they climbed the sandy ocean ramp up to the hotel grounds, she said thoughtfully, â€Å"Actually, I suppose you saved my life. It doesn’t really matter about the dress.† â€Å"We can’t be the ones to tell the police about Eric,† Jenny said. â€Å"Because we can’t afford to lose the time, and because they might separate us. But we can’t just leave him there, either.† There was a fine trembling in all her muscles, her reaction nearly as severe as Audrey’s. Deep inside her, though, was a steel core of determination. She knew what had to be done. â€Å"Why can’t we lose the time?† Tom asked. â€Å"Because we’ve got to get the others,† Jenny said â€Å"We all need to go somewhere and talk.† She saw Audrey, who was slowly making repairs to her hair and dress, give her a sharp glance. â€Å"I’ll explain later, for now just trust me, Tom.† Tom’s hazel eyes were dark, puzzled, but after a moment he nodded. â€Å"Let me get cleaned up a little; to I’ll go tell them at the front desk that there’s somebody unconscious on the beach. Then we can go.† When he went, he took a note to send up to the ballroom, too. It was from Jenny to Brian, explaining that she had to leave the prom without him, and that she was sorry. Jenny shut her eyes and leaned against the wall. Think, she told herself. Don’t collapse yet, think. â€Å"Audrey, we both need to call our parents. We’ve got to tell them-something-some reason why we’re not coming home tonight. And then we need to think of somewhere we can go. I wonder how much a hotel room costs?† Audrey, with two bobby pins in her mouth, just looked at Jenny. She couldn’t speak, but the look was enough. â€Å"We’re not doing anything dangerous,† Jenny assured her. â€Å"But we’ve got to talk. And I think we’ll only be safe when we’re all together.† Audrey removed the pins and licked her lips. â€Å"What about Michael’s apartment?† she said. â€Å"His dad’s gone for the week.† â€Å"Audrey, you’re brilliant. Now think of what we say to our parents, and we’ll be fine.† In the end they settled for the old double-bluff. Jenny called her house and told her mother she would be staying at Audrey’s; Audrey called her house and told Gabrielle the housekeeper that she would be staying at Jenny’s. Then they called Dee, who had her own phone, and had her come out to the hotel in her jeep, while Tom took the RX-7 to his house to pick up Michael. Finally Tom went back out for Zach, while a cross and sleep-wrinkled Michael let the others into his apartment. It was nearly one-thirty in the morning when they were all together. â€Å"Caffeine,† Michael mumbled. â€Å"For God’s sake.† â€Å"Stunts your growth,† said Dee. â€Å"Makes you blind.† â€Å"Why isn’t there anything in this refrigerator except mayonnaise and Diet Coke?† Audrey called. â€Å"There should be some cream cheese in there somewhere,† Michael said. â€Å"And there’s Cracks Jack in the cupboard; Dad bought a case at the Price Club. If you love me at all, bring me a Coke and tell me what’s going on. I was asleep.† â€Å"And I nearly got killed,† Audrey said, coming around the corner in time to see his eyes widen â€Å"Here. You read "The Forbidden Game: The Chase Chapter 10" in category "Essay examples"† She distributed Diet Cokes and Cracker Jack to everyone except Dee, who just snorted. What a mismatched group we are, Jenny thought, looking around at them. Michael and Audrey were on the couch, Michael in the faded gray sweats he wore as pajamas, and Audrey in the ruins of ha saucy little black dress. Dee was on the other side of Audrey, dressed for action in biking shorts and a khaki tank top, long legs sprawled in front of her. Tom, on the love seat, was windblown and handsome in jeans and a dark blue jersey. Zach sat on the floor by the table wearing a vaguely Oriental black outfit-maybe pajamas, maybe a jogging suit, Jenny thought. Jenny herself was perched on the arm of the love seat in her shimmering and totally inappropriate gold dress. She hadn’t thought about changing, She could see Dee’s eyes on the dress, but she couldn’t return the amused glance. She was too wrought-up. â€Å"Isn’t somebody going to explain what’s going on?† Michael said, tearing into the Cracker Jack. â€Å"Audrey can start,† Jenny said, clasping her hands together and trying to keep them still. Audrey quickly described what had happened. â€Å"But what’s with this hole?† Michael said when she finished. â€Å"Pardon me for asking, but how come the wolf didn’t just kill you? If it’s the same one that attacked Gordie Wilson.† â€Å"Because it’s a Game,† Jenny said. â€Å"A new Game.† Dee’s piercing night-dark gaze was on her. â€Å"You’ve seen Julian,† she said without hesitation. Jenny nodded, clenching her hands even more tightly together. Tom turned to look at her sharply, then turned away, his shoulders tense. Zach stared at her with an inscrutable expression, the black outfit accentuating his pallor. Michael whistled. Audrey, her back very straight, said, â€Å"Tell us.† Jenny told them. Not everything, but the essence of what had happened, leaving out the bits that nobody needed to know. Like the kissing. â€Å"He said that he’d give me a chance to get free of my promise,† she finished. â€Å"That he was going to play a new Game with us, and that we were all players. And at the end he said that the new Game was lambs and monsters.† Audrey drew in her breath, frowning. â€Å"Like that thing we saw those kids playing?† â€Å"What lambs and monsters?† Michael demanded. â€Å"I never heard of it.† â€Å"It’s like cops and robbers,† Jenny said. â€Å"It starts like hide-and-seek-if you’re the monster, you count while all the lambs hide. Then when you find a lamb, you chase it-and if you tag it, it’s caught. Then you bring it back to your base and keep it as a prisoner until somebody else sneaks up to let it free.† â€Å"Or until all the lambs are caught and they get eaten,† Audrey said darkly. â€Å"Cute game,† said Zach, then relapsed into silence. â€Å"If we’re playing, we’d better figure out the rules,† Dee said. â€Å"We may not have to play,† Jenny said. They all looked at her. She knew she was flushed. She had been thinking ever since she’d looked over the balcony railing to see Audrey’s tiny figure disappear into darkness, and by now she’d worked herself into a rather odd state. â€Å"What do you mean?† Dee said, lynx-eyed. Jenny heard herself give a strange little overstrained laugh. â€Å"Well, maybe I should just stop it right now.† She was surprised by the volume of the protest. â€Å"No!† Audrey cried. â€Å"Give in to a guy-any guy? Absolutely not. Never.† â€Å"We have to fight him,† Dee said, smacking a slender fist into her palm. â€Å"You know that, Jenny.† â€Å"We’re going to fight him,† Tom said grimly. â€Å"Uh, look,† Michael said, and then got Audrey’s elbow in his ribs. â€Å"I mean-you’d better not.† â€Å"That’s right, you’d better not,† Audrey said. â€Å"And I’m the one who got chased tonight, so I’m the one who’s got the right to say it.† â€Å"We won’t let you,† Dee said, both long legs on the floor now, leaning forward in the intensity of her emotion. â€Å"It’s our problem, too.† Jenny could feel herself flushing more deeply as a wave of guilt swept her. They didn’t understand-they didn’t know that she’d almost surrendered of her own free will. â€Å"He’s evil,† Tom was saying. â€Å"You can’t just give up and let evil win because of us. You can’t, Jenny.† Zach’s dry voice cut through the impassioned atmosphere. â€Å"I don’t think,† he said, â€Å"that there’s much point in arguing about it. Because from what Jenny said before, it sounded like she agreed to the new Game.† â€Å"I did,† Jenny said. â€Å"I didn’t know-when I agreed I thought he’d leave the rest of you alone. I didn’t think you’d be involved.† â€Å"And he said the Game had started. Which means-â€Å" â€Å"There’s nothing she can do to change it now, even if she wanted to.† Audrey finished Zach’s sentence crisply. â€Å"Like I said†-Dee gave her most bloodthirsty smile-â€Å"I think we’d better figure out the rules.† They all looked at one another. Jenny saw the consensus in all their faces. They were all together now, even Tom. Like the old days. All for one and one for all. She sat down on the love seat beside Tom. â€Å"So what do we need to do to win?† Audrey asked. â€Å"Avoid getting caught,† Zach said tersely. Michael, rummaging glumly in his Cracker Jack, said, â€Å"How? We can’t stay here forever.† â€Å"It’s not as simple as that,† Dee said. â€Å"Look – there are different kinds of games, right? The first Game, the one in the paper house, was like a race game. In a race game the point is to get from the start to the goal in a certain amount of time-or before everybody else does.† â€Å"Like Parcheesi,† Jenny said. â€Å"No, like Chutes and Ladders!† Michael said, looking up excitedly. â€Å"Remember that? You throw the dice and go across the board-and sometimes you can go up a ladder, the way we went up the stairs in the paper house. And sometimes you fall down a chute-â€Å" â€Å"-which we did, on the third floor,† Dee said. â€Å"We had that game as kids,† Zach said with a half glance at Jenny. â€Å"Only ours was called Snakes and Ladders.† â€Å"Okay, the point is that lots of games are race games,† Dee went on. She jumped up and began to pace the room. â€Å"But then there are hunting games, too-those are actually the oldest games of all. Like hide-and-seek. That started out as practice for stalking wild animals.† â€Å"How do you know?† Michael said suspiciously. â€Å"Aba told me. And tag is like capturing domestic animals. This new game Julian is playing is a hunting and capturing game.† Tom shrugged bleakly. â€Å"So he’s planning to hunt down and capture each of us animals.† â€Å"Trophies,† Zach said in a low voice. â€Å"Like my father’s.† â€Å"Not like your father’s,† Dee said, stopping to look at him. â€Å"Your father’s are dead. This is more like a game where you catch each of the animals and put them in a big pen to wait for the slaughter.† Michael choked on his Coke. â€Å"Well, it’s true,† Dee said. â€Å"He didn’t say he was going to kill us one by one. He said he was going to capture us-until the free ones find his base.† Wiping his mouth, Michael said hoarsely, â€Å"Let’s find it now and avoid the whole thing.† â€Å"But that’s the point,† Dee said, sitting on the windowsill. â€Å"How do we find it?† â€Å"How can we?† Zach said. â€Å"It’s hopeless.† Tom was still looking into the distance. â€Å"There might be another way,† he began, and then stopped and shook his head. Jenny didn’t like the expression on his face. She didn’t like the way the green flecks in his eyes showed. â€Å"Tom †¦Ã¢â‚¬  she said, but Audrey was talking to her. â€Å"Didn’t he tell you anything about it, Jenny? His base?† â€Å"No,† Jenny said. â€Å"Only that it was somewhere to keep us before he takes us to the Shadow World.† â€Å"Which means it’s not in the Shadow World itself,† Dee said, and Michael muttered, â€Å"Thank God.† â€Å"But wherever it is, you get there through the holes?† Audrey said. â€Å"Oh, wonderful. I’ll pass, thank you.† â€Å"These holes, now,† Michael said thoughtfully. â€Å"I think they’re very interesting.† â€Å"Maybe because you have one for a brain,† Audrey said with a snappishness she hadn’t shown to Michael in weeks. Michael gave her a startled glance quite different from his standard wounded look. â€Å"No, really,† he said. â€Å"You know, they make me think of something. There’s a story by Ambrose Bierce-the book’s probably around here somewhere.† He twisted his head toward the wall-to-wall bookcases that were the main feature of the living room. Michael’s father wrote science fiction, and the apartment was filled with strange things. Models of spaceships, posters of obscure SF movies, weird masks-but mainly books. Books overflowing the shelves and lying in piles on the floor. As usual, Michael couldn’t find the one he was looking for. â€Å"Well, anyway,† he said, â€Å"Ambrose Bierce wrote this trilogy about weird disappearances, and there was this one story about a sixteen-year-old boy. His name was Charles Ashmore, and one night after it snowed he went out to the spring to get water. Well, the thing was, he went out the door and he never came back. Afterward, his family went outside to see what was the matter, and they saw his tracks in the snow-and the tracks went halfway to the spring and just stopped dead.† Michael lowered his voice dramatically. â€Å"Nobody ever saw him again.† â€Å"Great,† Jenny said. â€Å"But what has that got to dc with things?† â€Å"Well, the story was supposed to be fiction, right? But there was another part in the book, where this German doctor-Dr. Hern, or something-had a theory about how people disappeared. He said that ‘in the visible world there are void places’-sort of like the holes in Swiss cheese.† â€Å"And that guy fell into one?† Dee said, looking intrigued. â€Å"Fell-or was dragged. Like I said, the stories were supposed to be fiction. But what if there really are voids like that? And what if Julian can-well, control them?† â€Å"That’s a nasty idea,† Dee said. â€Å"I like it.† â€Å"Are you saying all people who disappear fall into the Shadow World?† Audrey asked. â€Å"Maybe not all of them, but maybe some of them. And maybe not all the way in, maybe just partway. In the story, when Charles Ashmore’s mother went by the place where he disappeared the next day, she could hear his voice. She heard it fainter and fainter every day, until it finally just faded completely.† â€Å"A halfway place,† Jenny whispered. â€Å"Like the More Games store-some place halfway between the Shadow World and here.† Dee was looking at her shrewdly. â€Å"Like Julian’s base, huh? Somewhere to keep us until he takes us to the Shadow World.† â€Å"And you hear about vortex things in Stonehenge and Sedona, Arizona,† Michael said. â€Å"Was it like a vortex, Audrey?† â€Å"It was big and black,† Audrey said shortly. â€Å"I don’t know how much more vortexy you can get.† But she gave Michael the prize from her Cracker Jack, a blue plastic magnifying glass. He put it beside his prize, a mini baseball card. Jenny was playing absently at her own prize package, not really seeing it. â€Å"But it doesn’t help us find the base,† she said. â€Å"Unless we jump into one of those voids, and then I don’t think we’re coming back.† â€Å"It closed up completely,† Tom said. â€Å"After the wolf jumped into it, it just disappeared. I don’t even think I could find the place again.† â€Å"Anyway, I’ll bet he can move them around,† Michael was beginning, when Jenny gasped. She had torn open her prize package. She’d been fiddling with the prize, completely preoccupied with the question of voids-until something caught her eye. â€Å"What is it?† Dee said, jumping up from the windowsill. â€Å"It’s a book of poetry-or something.† It was a very small book, on cheap paper with large print. One sentence per page. But it was a very strange poem for a Cracker Jack prize. Jenny read: â€Å"In the midst of the word she was trying to say, In the midst of her laughter and glee, She had softly and suddenly vanished away-For the Snark was a Boojum, you see.† There was dead silence in the room. â€Å"It could be a coincidence,† Zach said slowly. Michael was shaking his rumpled head. â€Å"But those lines are wrong. That’s not the way they go-look, that book I know I’ve got.† He went into his bedroom and came out with Alice in Wonderland and Other Favorites. â€Å"They’re from a poem about these guys who go out hunting imaginary animals-Snarks. Only some of the Snarks are Boojums, and those hunt you. And in the end one of them finds a Snark, and it turns out to be a Boojum. But it’s he a the poem-‘In the midst of the word he was trying to say, In the midst of his laughter and glee †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ You see?† â€Å"Cracker Jack wouldn’t make a mistake like that,† Tom said, with a wry smile. â€Å"No,† Jenny whispered. â€Å"It’s from Julian. But is it about what almost happened tonight-or about something that’s going to happen?† The silence stretched. Tom’s brows were drawn together. Dee had her jaguar look on and was pacing again, Zachary’s gray eyes were narrow, his lean body tense and still. Michael had put down the book. â€Å"You think he’s giving us clues in advance?† â€Å"It would be-sporting, I guess,† Jenny said. â€Å"And he gave me a kind of clue on the balcony, remember. He said he’d go after ‘Little Red Riding-Hood’ first.† Everyone looked at everyone else speculatively. Suddenly Dee whirled and did a swift, flowing punch-and-kick. â€Å"Then we might just have a Excitement was passing from one of them to another like sparks traveling down a fuse. â€Å"If we can figure the clues out beforehand-and Unjust surround the person they’re about†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Dee said. â€Å"I know we can! I always wanted to be Sherlock Holmes,† said Michael. â€Å"I think it might actually work,† Tom said. A new light had kindled in his hazel eyes. Dee laughed exultantly. â€Å"Of course it will work! We’re going to beat him.† Jenny was caught up in the fervor herself. Maybe they could outthink Julian. â€Å"It’s not going to be easy-â€Å" â€Å"But we’ll do it,† Audrey said. â€Å"Because we have to.† She gave Jenny a spiky-lashed glance and picked up several empty Coke cans to take to the kitchen. â€Å"We’d better start with the one we have, then,† Zach said, turning a cool, analytical gaze on Jenny’s riddle book. â€Å"Unless that one’s already finished,† Michael said. â€Å"I mean, if it was about Audrey-or should I call you Little Red Riding-Hood?† he shouted to the kitchen. â€Å"Call me madam,† Audrey said from around the corner, her good humor clearly restored. â€Å"Call me Al.† She began to sing a Paul Simon song.† ‘I can call you Betty, and Betty, when you call me, you can call me-‘† â€Å"Well?† Michael yelled when she didn’t finish. â€Å"What can I call you?† Audrey didn’t answer, and Michael snorted, â€Å"Women!† Zach was saying, â€Å"Yeah, but what if it’s a new clue? It says she, so it’s got to be either-â€Å" Jenny heard him as if from a distance. She was listening, listening, and all at once she couldn’t breathe. â€Å"Audrey?† she said. The sound of rattling cans in the kitchen had stopped. â€Å"Audrey? Audrey?† Everyone was looking at her, frightened by something in her voice. The sound of raw panic, Jenny guessed. Jenny stared back at them, and their images seemed to waver. Utter silence came from the kitchen. Then she was on her feet and moving. She reached the comer before any of them, even Dee. She looked into the kitchen. Her screams rang off the light fixture in the ceiling. â€Å"No! No! Oh, God, no!† How to cite The Forbidden Game: The Chase Chapter 10, Essay examples

Complexity of Learning Lexicographic Strategies - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Complexity of Learning Lexicographic Strategies. Answer: Introduction: Survey among consumers of Schmeckt Gut Energy Bars carried out in 5 districts namely, A, B, C, D, and E reflected mixed response on satisfaction level of consumption- a mean value of 7.27. Resultantly, weight of the bars was recorded to understand its impact, if any, on the degree of satisfaction among its consumers, thereby detailing certain concrete recommendations to address the situation. This report in consideration to the purpose stated, carried out certain statistical analysis on the predictor variable- weight of the energy bars and the response variable- customer satisfaction to establish the causality of the former on the latter. Statistical tools namely mean and standard deviation was carried out to understand the standard weight of bars across districts, followed by Pearson Correlation and Linear regression. Mean distribution of Schmeckt Gut Energy Bars across 5 districts reflected varied weight distribution initiating below 46 grams to above 48 grams (see Figure 1 below), despite the standard weight being specified as 47 grams. However, since majority of the weight examined remained within 46.90 to 47.20, slightly above and below the standard margin, the average weight distribution, taking all the districts together project a mean value of 46.88, establishing approximately standardized weight, when taken on average. Standard deviation of .70 obtained from the descriptive analysis justifies the concentration of data around mean value of weight (see table 1, below). Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Weight 160 45.20 49.00 46.8850 .70105 CS 108 3.00 10.00 7.2778 2.11728 Frequency distribution of customer satisfaction with Schmeckt Gut Energy Bars further presents affirmative results with 53.7% rating the bars between 8 to 10 (see figure 2 below). Hence mean value of consume response project an above average value of 7.2, with standard deviation of 2.1 validating the concentration data to certain extent (see table 1, above). Having established the mean values of both customer satisfaction and weight of the energy bars, it was now imperative to understand if there exist any linear relationship between the two variables. This imperativeness can be reasoned with the necessity to recommend effective strategies, which can be shaped if the causality of weight of energy bars on customer satisfaction is established. If not established, other parameters like ingredients, taste, price to name a few can be applied further, to strategize the degree of satisfaction among consumers. Bivariate correlation and linear regression, principal statistical methodology for observational experiments were applied to establish linear relationship and causality, where Pearson coefficient value projected its invariance to linear transformation of either variables (Rodgers and Nicewander; p.61). As seen in Table 2 below, weight and customer satisfaction established a negative relationship ( -.161) with significance at .10 index (0.9 6) and hence a negative causality of beta value (-.54). The results refer to inverse movement between weight of energy bars and customer satisfaction. Weight CS Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta Weight Pearson Correlation 1 -.161 47.413 .242 195.909 .000 Sig. (2-tailed) .096 CS Pearson Correlation -.161 1 -.054 .032 -.161 -1.677 .096 Sig. (2-tailed) .096 R square value in regression model too project a lower degree of variance (.026) with F value at 2.812, establishing the model not fit to regression equation and thus accepting the null hypothesis that there exists no relationship between weight of energy bars and customer satisfaction. Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate Durbin-Watson F Sig. 1 .161a .026 .017 .69957 2.051 2.812 .096b Following the acceptance of null hypothesis that there exists no relationship of weight on customer satisfaction, this report moves forth in developing some concrete recommendations which purports to serve as guidance to decision making by Schmeckt Gut. Apart from the inverse relationship forming rationale for recommendation, the varying ratings of customers of the energy bar, going as below as 3 also serves as motivation. Besides, the deviating range of weight- from approximately 45 grams to 48 grams also serves as rationale for this recommendation. Based on Nicholas Bernoulli, John von Neumann, and Oskar Morgensterns Utility theory, consumers are rational beings who invest in only those products which maximize their well-being (Fishburn, 1989). Prospect theory propounded by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky additionally attaches value and endowment as core elements based on which consumers choose their products (Kahneman Tversky, 1979). Following these two theories, Schmeckt Gut is recommended to develop the quality of their energy bars in terms of nutrition along with variety and unicity, which will make the bars precious to consume owing to unavailability of such elements in similar products in the market. Apart from acting as meal replacement, Schmeckt Gut energy bars should act as complementary choice for fitness conscious consumers or pregnant women, with ingredients like rolled oats, rice, seeds (like flaxseed or chia), nuts and whey isolate or pea blend as vegetarian options. Decision making should also focus in line with lexicographic strategy, where consumers evaluate products on most important attribute before buying (Schmitt Martignon, 2006). Here, if the energy bars are developed focusing of a target audience of pregnant women, this will potentially up the market, providing competitive edge to Schmeckt Gut in the market. Further, marketing theory of involvement propounds consumers to be applying cognitive effort to their decision-making process for acquisition of products perceived to be of greater importance. Following the theory, Schmeckt Gut is recommended to conduct a detailed survey on its consumers or target audience understanding the important elements they perceive should be added to energy bars. Such involvement of consumers in developing of products and decision-making will not only help build strong consumer relation with the brand but will also help align the organizations goal with its end user. Nonetheless, recommendation is made to consider having a larger number of specialized products each target a different set of audience, rather than loading all features into one product, as that not only affects the quality but also question its usability among consumers, hampering maximization of their long-term satisfaction (Thompson, Hamilton, Rust, 2005). To conclude, the report was limited to one parameter- weight of the energy bars in understanding consumer relationship, which if been wholistic would have contributed in making the recommendations more practically applicable and in-depth. Herein lies the future scope of report where in-depth studies on consumer perception on various important and not-so-important parameters can be studied along with effect of satisfaction of different sub-categories of energy bars on concerned target audience. Such detail will enable the board to develop effective decisions. References Fishburn, P. C. (1989). Retrospective on the Utility Theory of von Neumann and Morgenstern. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 2, 127158. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00056134 Kahneman, D., Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk. Econometrica, 2, 263. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1505880 Rodgers, J. L., Nicewander, W. A. (1988). Thirteen Ways to Look at the Correlation Coefficient. The American Statistician, 42(1), 5966. Retrieved from https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/users/rabbee/correlation.pdf Schmitt, M., Martignon, L. (2006). On the Complexity of Learning Lexicographic Strategies. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 7, 5583. Retrieved from https://jmlr.org/papers/volume7/schmitt06a/schmitt06a.pdf Thompson, D. V., Hamilton, R. W., Rust, R. T. (2005). Feature Fatigue: When Product Capabilities Become Too Much of a Good Thing. Journal of Marketing Research, 42(November), 431442. Retrieved from https://www.rhsmith.umd.edu/files/Documents/Faculty/FeatureFatigueWhenProductCapabilitiesBecomeTooMuchOfAGoodThing.pdf