Cyber Network Security, Threats, Risk and Its Prevention Dissertation

Cyber Network Security, Threats, Risk and Its Prevention - Dissertation Example The rapid change in technology has significant effects in the everyday lives of human influencing all the aspects of life such as medicine, commerce, education, and security. Information technology too seems to influence the lives of individuals similarly since it has brought improvements in the individual lives, in the family lives, in education, career, democracy and freedom and every other aspect of life where information is needed. During the 1990s, the entire world could be seen to be developed around the telecommunicated networks of computers incorporating the use of information systems and technology. The power of information is largely responsible in contributing to the spheres of human activities. Be it genetic engineering or the development of software, the information technology is enabling the progress across every field of advancement across the world (Castells, 1999, p.2). However, considering the topic of information technology, the concern for security also arises to which it can be stated that the technology has both a good side as well as a bad side to it. While IT may be used for the purpose of promotion and stability of security, on the other hand, the system can also be misused that threatens the system and its use. The positive uses of the IT come in the way it can be used to distribute and exchange ideas and strategies for security, to draw together support for harmony missions and security programs, and to put into practice and organize security plans and operations. It is crucial in every operation of the government of any country, spreading its functions from intelligence collection to command and control. Even targeting terrorists and implementation of controls over borders can be achieved through the use of IT (Denning, 2003, p.1). However the negative side of the IT reflects on its misuse and the effects of the cyber crimes that have significant concerns in every organization across the world. Information technology can be easily at tacked and taken advantage of that in turn threatens the issues of stability and security. Computers and communication systems may be jammed by any individual or groups working against goodness making use of bombs, missiles, and electromagnetic weapons. Moreover the use of media that is another part of the IT can be done by such harmful people to spread rumours and lies across a nation, or attack computer systems purposefully to steal undisclosed information or damaging data and systems (Denning, 2003, p.1). Thus technology can be said to have both its good and bad side. It is in this regard that the ethical issues are also needed to be taken into consideration. The values of ethics are considered to create a balance and serve as a platform supporting the codes of practice in businesses, medicine, national security, and other related fields. Throughout the world and in the developing countries, governments, defence industries, and organizations associated with finance, power, and te lecommunications are increasingly made targets to such cyber attacks from criminals and nation states seeking economic or military advantages. The number of attacks is now so large and their sophistication so enhanced, that many organizations are encountering difficulties in determining the threats and vulnerabilities that pose the greatest threats and risks and how they might

Duty of Partner to Give Accounts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Duty of Partner to Give Accounts - Essay Example In the context of the partnership agreement, the roles, responsibilities, and liabilities of partners need to be discussed. According to Sec 9 of the Partnership Act of 1963, it states that except for an incorporated limited partnership, a partner of a particular firm is considered as the agent of the firm along with the other partners present in the firm, for the reason of the business of the firm1. It also, declares that apart from an, incorporated limited partnership, an act carried out by a partner of a firm, for the reason of cont,inning in the customary method business of the type continued by the firm, connects that particular firm and remaining of the partners in the particular firm unless the partner who conducts the act has no right to act in any way for the particular firm in the specific matter and the person involved in the dealings with that particular partner either is well aware that the person is not authorized or is unknown about the factor does not consider the par ticular partner to be the firm’s partner4. According to Sec 10 of the Partnership Act of 1963 it states that a certain act or any particular instrument in relation to the nature of business of the firm apart from an incorporated limited partnership is obligatory on all the existing partners of the particular firm and also on the firm too if it is carried out by any person who has the authorization to conduct such an actor perform the instrument irrespective of the fact that whether the person is a partner of the firm or not, in firm’s name or in any such way or intention where it involves the firm4. The liability of a partner according to Sec 13 of the Partnership Act of 1963 declares that every individual partner of any particular firm except for an incorporated limited supported partnership is equally accountable along with the other partners for the duties and legal responsibilities of that particular firm which was obtained when the particular person was still an e xisting partner as per the partnership agreement which proves it to be legal and also in case of the partner is an individual, after the demise of that partner the assets of the deceased partner would be liable in the course of management for the liabilities and obligations of that firm which was acquired while the already dead partner was still a partner that stays discontented, but subject to the previous payment of the individual debts of the deceased partner4. The most important duty of a partner that needs to be mentioned in relation to this case is according to Sec 33 (1) A particular partner of a firm apart from an incorporated limited partnership is responsible for giving accurate accounts and complete information regarding all the things that might affect the firm to the other partners or partner or to the legal personal spokesperson of the other partner4.

Charles Brockden Brown's Edgar Huntly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Charles Brockden Brown's Edgar Huntly - Essay Example According to Cobbett, â€Å"it is the Indians who are considered to be the most dangerous of all the nation’s ‘aliens and enemies.’† (p. 437) It means that in case the American government decided to go into war against the Indians, the American Indians would be left no choice but to side with the Americans. This could be possible in case the nation fights against another nation. However, there will always be some instances wherein this statement cannot be applied into the real situation. alone. By simply going through the process of naturalization, the American Indians would eventually lose their traditional Indian culture in exchange with the American culture. In the process, the American Indians would eventually act and be known as part of the American nation who would be left with no choice but to give up their traditional way of doing things. Perhaps if not within themselves†¦ it could be with the next generation to come when their children decide to inter-marry another American citizen. It has also been mentioned that it is the ‘duty of all the Americans’ to hunt down individuals who go against the U.S. government, becomes a traitor to the society, or has done actions that are against the law. (p. 438) It means that every American Indians are obliged to report any suspicious Indians who do not abide with the U.S. law. In order words, the situation could become a fight between the American Indians and the other Indians. At the first part of the story, this has become evident in the life of Edgar Huntly. However, the story ends up proving that blood will always be thicker than water. The duty of Edgar as an American Indian can be traced in the story back when Edgar suspected Clithero to be the associated with Waldegrave’s murder, the surrogate father of Edgar. (pp. 441 - 443) Edgar suspected Clithero purely based on the physical description

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS - Movie Review Example The documentary outlines Paulson’s thought that was to stabilize the financial market that was under crisis and prevent it from collapsing. It tells the story of a collapsing housing market amidst subprime mortgage loans in U.S banks. As Hunk recounts in the documentary, he is alone and his view is facing contradictions from all corners of the economy: journalists and senators alike, banks and the congress. However, Paulson has the support of his wife, Wendy, who has been his wife for more than 40 years. They are devoted to one another that, during the film at a particular bumpy round of negotiations with the congress, Paulson takes a short break to call his wife Wendy and ask her to pray (Sharkey 1). ‘Hank: five years from the brink’ outlines Paulson’s first thought of the troubled asset relief program (TARP), encourages the U.S government to buy equity and assets from the financial institutions (Sherkey 1). This plan was to help in strengthening the collapsing financial sector of the U.S economy by putting equity and assets in the hands of the government. It is more of asserting more control of the financial institutions to the state and Hank knew that the idea was reprehensible. Originally, the TARP program authorized and expenditure of $700 billion of government money to purchase the â€Å"troubled assets." This would allow the treasury to purchase difficult-to-value illiquid assets from banks and financial institutions to allow the affected institutions to stabilize their balance sheets and avoid making any further losses (Darling 72). According to Sherkey (1), Paulson recounts in the documentary that the story of the crisis was a disaster and his idea were to respond to the disaster and mitigate any crisis that would occur in the future business market. Thus, his second aim of the troubled asset relief program was to encourage the financial institutions and banks to resume lending at the fair levels

A REPORT ON RELEVANT ASPECTS OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT ON A PROPOSED Essay

A REPORT ON RELEVANT ASPECTS OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT ON A PROPOSED RESTAURANT AT NOSTOVIA AIRPORT - Essay Example 3). Hence, supply chain management is the strategic, systemic coordination of the traditional business functions alongside the tactics across these business functions for the purposes of improving the long-term performance of the individual companies as well as the supply chain as a whole (Hugos 2006, p. 3). Supply chain involves the networks of companies working together and coordinating their actions in order to deliver a product to a market. It acknowledges and applies traditional logistics and includes activities such as new product development, marketing, finance, and customer service. Supply chain management views the supply chain in an organisation as a single entity, and brings the system approach in managing the diverse activities needed to coordinate the flow of services and products in order to serve the customers (Hugos 2006, p. 4). The proposed restaurant needs to structure a plan. This refers to all the operations needed in planning and organising the operations. Three operations in this category are demand forecasting, product pricing, and inventory management. As the proposed restaurant needs planning, it also needs sourcing. Source includes the necessary activities in acquiring the inputs to create products or services. Two operations are involved here, particularly (1) procurement and (2) operation, credit, and collection. Procurement is the acquisition of materials and services, while operation, credit, and collection can be literally thought of as the acquisition of cash (Hugos 2006, p. 45). "Making" as a category includes the operations required in developing and building the products and services provided by a supply chain. Operations in this category involve product design, production management, and facility of management (Hugos 2006, p. 45). On the other hand, "Delivering" as a supply chain category encompasses the activities that include receiving customer orders and delivering products to customers. The operations that constitute the core connections between companies in a supply chain are management, product delivery, and return processing (Hugos 2006, p. 45). The illustration below best describes the coordination among Planning, Sourcing, Making, and Delivering (Hugos 2006, p. 45), which will be applied to the proposed restaurant at the New Nostovia Airport: Supplier Strategy Supplier strategy is one aspect of the establishment of the new restaurant business that needs immediate attention. This involves decisions on how suppliers are selected and how relationships with them are developed (Galloway, et al. 2000, p. 46). It is also concerned with how the operation monitors suppliers' performance as well as improvement of these performances. Recommendations in Respect of Perishable Foodstuffs With Short Shelf Life A guaranteed supply of fresh high quality food is crucial to maintain a chain's reputation in the restaurant business (Galloway, et al. 2000, p. 46). The freshness and quality of perishable foodstuffs with short shelf life is affected by the manner they were handled during the harvests,

Price Elasticity of Demand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Price Elasticity of Demand - Essay Example With changes in market dynamics, burgeoning population, increasing competition in job markets, and rapid technological changes that out phase odd manual jobs, demand for formal education has skyrocketed over the last decade. This happens as people strive to better their competitiveness in securing formal employment. Placing the  high value on academic certificates as an essential aspect in securing any employment has led to an increased demand for further education across  the  board, which in turn creates high demand for colleges and universities, giving way to the proliferation of many institutions offering bachelor degrees and masters as well. A study on income levels among employees with different academic qualifications reveals that there are wide disparities in salaries of diploma, the  degree, and masters degree holders. Salaries increase with  the  increase in academic qualifications with master’s degree holders earning twice as much as degree holders who i n turn earn twice what high school diploma holders earn on average. Those with no formal education form the bulk of unemployed population across the country, often performing poorly paid manual jobs in homesteads, municipal councils and mining zones among other similar places. Office jobs are a preserve for the highly qualified in  the formal education, especially those with bachelor degrees and above. Management jobs are common with master’s degree holders and those with many certificates in support courses.... Other factors that affect the elasticity of demand include changes in income levels, persistence of price changes, and product demand patterns among others. With changes in market dynamics, burgeoning population, increasing competition in job markets, and rapid technological changes that out phase odd manual jobs, demand for formal education has skyrocketed over the last decade. This happens as people strive to better their competitiveness in securing formal employment. Placing high value on academic certificates as an essential aspect in securing any employment has led to an increased demand for further education across board, which in turn creates high demand for colleges and universities, giving way to the proliferation of many institutions offering bachelor degrees and masters as well. A study on income levels among employees with different academic qualifications reveals that there are wide disparities in salaries of diploma, degree and masters degree holders. Salaries increase with increase in academic qualifications with master’s degree holders earning twice as much as degree holders who in turn earn twice what high school diploma holders earn on average. Those with no formal education form the bulk of unemployed population across the country, often performing poorly paid manual jobs in homesteads, municipal councils and mining zones among other similar places. Office jobs are a preserve for the highly qualified in formal education, especially those with bachelor degrees and above. Management jobs are common with master’s degree holders and those with many certificates in support courses relevant to their field of occupation. This state of affairs places high value

Life on Earth Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Life on Earth Worksheet Essay Taxa to explore – Elephants. 1. Review terms (write definitions for these terms) Extant Species, families, or groups still in existence Extinct Species, families, or groups no longer in existence, end or died out Genotype Genetic make-up of an organism Phenotype Physical attributes of an organism, observable or measurable traits Synapomorphy Shared characteristic that are inherited from most recent common ancestor Background: There are three extant species of elephant: Elaphas maximus (Asian elephants), Loxodonta africana (African elephants), and Loxodonta cyclotis (African forest elephants). Their taxonomic hierarchy is as follows: Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Proboscidea Family: Elephantidae Genus: Elaphas Species: maximus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Proboscidea Family: Elephantidae Genus: Loxodonta Species: africana Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Proboscidea Family: Elephantidae Genus: Loxodonta Species: cyclotis 2. Collect an image of each species. You will submit these as a part of your assignment. (see full assignment instructions) 3. Looking at these pictures, can you think of any EXTINCT animal or animals that might be a close relative of modern elephants? List it/them below. If you know the scientific name (genus and species) then you can put that. If you aren’t quite sure, just give the common name. Mammoth 4. Now think about EXTANT taxa. Identify 2 animals that you might expect to be the closest LIVING relative to the elephants. List it/them below. If you know the scientific name (genus and species) then you can put that. If you aren’t quite sure, just give the common name. Possible Relative A Possible Relative B Rock Hyrax Manatees 5. For the closest EXTANT relatives, what characteristic(s) of that animal or its habitat led you choose it as â€Å"probable closest relative†? (consider geographic location, size, anatomy, behavior etc). Be specific. Characteristics of Animal A Characteristics of Animal B -found across Africa and the Middle East -typically live in groups -has a prominent pair of long, pointed tusk-like upper incisors -In males, the testes are permanently abdominal -thick, wrinkled skin -Females have two teats, one under each flipper -teeth growing at the rear are continuously replaced throughout life Now to the science – Follow the link below to read about some of the extinct relatives of elephants http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Elephants/firstelephants.html 6. How were the phenotypes of ancient proboscideans different from those of extant elephants? The ancient proboscideans differ from those of extant elephants because they have multiple pairs of molars and premolars, they do not possess tusks, and they retain canines on the upper jaw. 7. Based on the information in the web-site, where did the early proboscideans evolve? The early proboscideans evolved from Africa. More derived proboscideans (not ancient, but not extant either) also had a very different geographic distribution than elephants today: http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Elephants/extinct_taxa.html http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Elephants/mammoths.html 8. Which localities seem most surprising and why? North and South America because these locations were once abundant with these animals, such as mastodons, while having most of the animals originate from  the other side of the world. 9. Identify 4 synapomorphies that are shared between ALL of these extinct and extant taxa. 1. Tusks 2. Incisors and molar teeth 3. Trunk 4. Four column-like legs Molecular phylogeny In extant species, relationships can also be reconstructed based on DNA Think back to your best guesses of the closest EXTANT relatives of the modern elephants. Look at the .pdf named â€Å"Afrotheria†. The phylogeny described in this paper is based on molecular data (similarities in DNA sequences) 10. Based on that phylogeny, write in the sister taxon (taxon A) to Proboscidea. Give the formal name. Taxon A or Sirenia Proboscidea 11. Write in the taxon (taxon B) that is sister to the clade composed of (Proboscidea + Taxon A). Give formal name Taxon B or Taxon A Proboscidea Hyracoidea 12. Perform an internet search for these two taxa and find out their common names. What are their common names? Describe each.  The common name for Sirenia is Sea Cow. Sea cows are fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that appear fat. They have forelimbs used for steering and a tail used for paddling. The common name for Hyracoidea are hyraxes. Hyraxes are well-furred animals with short tails and have poor internal temperature regulation. What was your thought/reaction upon discovering what these creatures are? My thought reaction was how can animals that look nothing alike be similar to an elephant if they visually look different. Believe it or not, there are morphological (phenotypic) similarities as well as dietary and behavioral similarities between all of these taxa. BEFORE molecular data was available, scientists already suspected that these groups were closely related. The DNA evidence only helped to confirm the relationships. We’ll do more on that in a moment. 13. Search the web to find at least two non-molecular synapomorphies between each of your modern taxa and the elephants: (be specific!) Animal #1 name Rock Hyraxes Rock Hyraxes are furry and have the soles of the feet with large, soft pads that are kept moist. Manatees have paddle like flippers and a snout. Animal #2 name Manatees 14. Which of the features you listed are more likely to survive in the fossil record? Explain why. Most likely to survive in the fossil record is the snout because it consists of the bones of the jaw which are very good for becoming fossils. 15. Which are less likely? Explain why. Less likely are the fur, soft pads at the feet, and the paddle-like flippers because all are more prone to decay rapidly because of being soft structures. The flippers are also more prone to not preserving quickly therefore eaten or broken down by aerobic microbes. Now for molecules: To see the actual molecular data used to create the phylogeny you saw, select the .pdf named â€Å"mammoth and sea cow†. 16. Go to page 409. Dots mean the base pair (A, C, T or G) is the same as is listed in the taxon that’s at the top (this saves ink!). Now compare the sequences for the African elephant and the Asian elephant in just the top row of page 409. How many molecular differences do you see in the sequence shown? There are 8 molecular difference in the sequence. How many molecular differences do you count between the African elephant and the hyrax? There are 11 molecular differences between the African elephant and the hyrax. 17. Based on anatomy alone (without the molecular evidence), would you have guessed that the animals in photos above represented the closest living relatives of elephants? Why or why not? Honestly, based on the anatomy alone, I would not have guessed that the animals represent close relatives of the elephants because of the physical anatomical characteristic they have. Most animals can have similar anatomy with slight differences that contribute to their survival in an environment. Initially, I thought that the animals had similar characteristics only because of natural selection and adaptation of their environment not because  of their common ancestor. This shows how molecular evidence can really help in seeing what animals belong in what lineages.